Despite Australia’s high melanoma incidence rate, there is currently no population melanoma screening program and no systematic approach to melanoma prevention and early detection. International clinical practice guidelines vary considerably in screening and surveillance recommendations for high-risk individuals. The US Preventive Services Task Force has recommended that future research on skin cancer screening should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of targeted screening in those considered to be at higher risk, and risk-stratification is likely to be an important component of future melanoma prevention and screening services in Australia. This talk will present the latest evidence on melanoma risk assessment, tailored approaches to prevention, screening and surveillance, and the benefits and potential challenges of this precision approach.