Background: International consensus guidelines recommend the use of neoadjuvant (NA) chemotherapy when pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered borderline resectable. The Australian practice has not been well described.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with localized PDAC between January 2016 till March 2019 entered into the Australasian Pancreatic Cancer Registry (PURPLE: Pancreatic cancer: Understanding Routine Practice and Lifting end results) was performed. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment administered, and outcome were analysed. Overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) was compared using Log-rank and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results: At initial presentation, 754 cases had localized PDAC, of which 350 (47%) were resectable, 148 (20%) borderline and 247 (33%) unresectable. The majority of resectable cases (92%) underwent immediate surgery, 14 cases declined surgery and 13 are pending review. Of 148 borderline cases, 58 (39%) underwent immediate surgery, 79 (53%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11(7%) opted for best supportive care. The most frequently used NA chemotherapy was FOLFIRINOX (47/79, 54% patients) versus Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel (30/79, 30% patients). Surgery was performed in 35% (28/79) of borderline resectable patients receiving NA chemotherapy, with 43% (12/28) R0 resections compared to 21% (12/58) in the upfront resected borderline cases. Patients receiving NA FOLFIRINOX were younger (59 versus 70 years) and NA FOLFIRINOX led to more resections (20/47, 43% vs 8/32, 25%) compared to NA Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel. Median OS for early stage immediate resection versus borderline resectable cases receiving NA chemotherapy was 29.2 versus 21.7 (HR 0.57, p=0.005) months; and median RFS was 16.4 versus 10.8 months (HR 0.60, p=0.004).
Conclusions: The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic cancer remains infrequent in Australasia. Only a third of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy proceed to curative resection, with 43% achieving R0 resections. Newer treatment strategies and high-quality evidence are needed. These are being explored in the MASTERPLAN and DYNAMIC-Pancreas clinical trials.